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| The application of development theories and strategies for Pakistan |
 PRINTABLE VERSION |
Another important thing is the set up of agro-based and cottage industries. In our country, there are so many talented people and skilled artisans, but they cannot carry out their jobs due to the lack of resources. In many cases they have in fact suffered from repeated neglect, and faced a downslide in their spheres of work due to the lack of patronage. The government should promote them and take their work to foreign markets, where there is a considerable potential for development in this area.
One sector alone cannot contribute to development as much as required; the development of all the sectors is needed simultaneously. Policies should be made for all sectors and they should be integrated with each other.
It is wrong to view that industry and agriculture are apart from one another but their development is integrated. If the industry progresses, the raw material would be available locally to the industry, the purchasing power of people will increase, the demand for industrial goods will increase. So the two sectors are interrelated.
The industrial sector is an important as the agri-sector, so the development of industry is necessary. The government should give incentives to businessman and should adopt the policy of import substitution.
Physical infra-structure is very important for the development of a country. The government should take steps to improve social and physical infrastructures, and should invest more in SOC because without SOC, it is not possible to develop any other sector. Without SOC, investment in all other sectors will not bring out full results.
The main problem of Pakistan is poverty, which goes on. For development, we have to break this vicious circle. First of all, we should analyse the causes of poverty. These are the poor condition of farmers, lack of capital, low savings, low income, lack of education, lack of economic planning etc. we have to remove all these causes to eliminate poverty.
In Pakistan, institutional and structural framework is in a down fall. It should be changed and improved so the people can live and work easily in healthy environment.
Human resource development is very necessary for the development of any country. The current literacy rate (50.5%) is not satisfactory, it should be increased. Along with formal education, the government should also lay emphasis on the technical education and vocational training.
Technology used in Pakistan is very poor, especially in the agri-sector. As a result, production remains at low levels. Modern technology should be used in the production process, both in agriculture and industry and as well as in other sectors of the country. Specialized working should be done. Wages of workers should be reasonably high, so that they can work and live easily. Incentives should be given for increase in production. The market should be expanded through division of labour and quality control, which leads to increase in profit and expansion of market.
In addition to these problems, the rate of saving is also very low, and it should be increased. This can be done by giving incentives for profit and by reducing the hoardings of gold in private sector, by reducing of restricting the imports of luxuries. Saving can also be increased by the profit giving schemes, introduced by banks. But the thing which is very important is to invest all these savings and mobilize them through credit to achieve the goal of development.
The government should adopt the policies of export promotion and import substitution. We can gain foreign exchange by export promotion and can save foreign exchange by import substitution, because increase in foreign exchange is the need of the day. Exports should undertake as far as possible in the form of finished products rather than raw material or semi finished products, to increase the amount of capital flowing into the country.
Another factor which retards or holds back the economic growth is the wrong policies. The problem of Pakistan is not shortage of resources but the misuse of resources. So many times wrong policies have wasted or destroyed the resources of the country.
Authorities should think upon the matter, analyse the situation, take into consideration the resources and cost and benefits of the projects and then should make any policy.
Social evils like, smuggling, bribe, black marketing, fraud etc, are destroying our social, institutional and moral systems. These social evils should be eliminated by giving upon heavy punishments.
The most important thing is to change the thinking of people, and provoke them to work hard and make them ambitious for development, loyal to their country and make them believe on the welfare of the whole society rather than their individual welfare. Only then we could develop our country because will power is the main thing to achieve any goal.
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aneel SALMAN
aneel SALMAN Lecturer, Dept of Economics Forman Christian University, Pakistan. Currently a Fulbright Scholar, pursuing PhD in Economics at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) Troy, NY USA 12180-3590 Email: aneelsalman@yahoo.com
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