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A sense of reality for many children is that they are powerless in anything to do with their government, which is a message that is directly given to them by their environment, such as the school. My first example of political socialization in schools was to describe the ritual of saluting the American flag that I observed. The other ways schools influence children in political socialization were described through the examples of the ‘hidden’ curriculum and in textbooks, such as the ways of manipulation of the masses through discrimination and ethnocentrism. And my last point was about the importance for children to have an influence on what decisions the government makes in regards to children as a factor to stimulate qualities for leadership. My points of discussion were about the UN Millennium project for youths and two positive educational lessons that could be learned from Defense for Children International Spain and the Netherlands, in which the children involved could participate in follow up research in the area of their political socialization.
References
• Anyon, J. “Schools as agencies of Social Legitimation.”International Journal of Political Education, 3, 4, 195-218.Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 1981.
• Boin, A. & ‘T Hart, P. “Institutional Crisis and Reforms in Policy Sectors.” University of Leiden, 1999.
• Dekker, H. “Politics and the Individual: Elites, Followers and Contrairians.” University of Leiden, 1999.
• Dekker, H. “Citizenship Conceptions and Competencies in the Subject Matter ‘Society’ in the Dutch Schools.” Torney-Purta,J.&J. Schwille, J.-A. Amadeo (eds.). Civic education across countries:twenty-four national case studies from the IEA civic education project. Amsterdam: The International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement. 438, 441-454, 458-462.
• Easton, D.& R.D.Hess. “A Child’s Political World.” University of Chicago,1962.
• Euben, J.P. “Corrupting Youth: Political Education, Democratic Culture, and Political Theory.”
The Review of Politics, 538-41. University of Notre Dame, Indiana,1999.
• Powell, Jan “Defense For Children International Review”. Lynx Offset, UK, 1998.
• United Nations 52nd Convention Commemorating the Rights of the Child. November 11,1999.
http://www.un.org.
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