by bharumal amrani
As Indus civilization is one of the most ancient civilizations of the world after Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilization; but most ancient tribes used to dwell at here before civilization aroused, here we are giving the tribes and communities who come before or after civilization.
1. Bhil
2. Kolhi
3. Maghwar
4. Gurgala
5. Shikari
6. Sami
7. Saniasi
8. wartia
9. Khati
10. Kocharra
11. Kunbhar
12. Ravarra
13. Kabotaria
14. Jogi (snake charmer)
15. Jogi ( Marwari)
16. Burraha
17. Gurarro
18. Muhanna
19. Bagari
20. Bhangi
21. Hadwarr
22. Guaria
23. Rabari
24. Charan
25. Sati
26. Oad
27. Balishai
28. Lohar
1. Maghwar
Maghwar is one of the major social groups of South Asia. In India they have been classified as a scheduled caste a number of castes of India, which have been stated in a schedule of the Indian constitution. Maghwar people, after being humbled for many thousand years, have now improved their living standards. Etymologically, the word Maghwar is derived from two Sanskrit words, namely, Magh (meaning clouds and rains) and war, which means prayers. Thus, the word Maghwar means a nation (of people), which prays for the rains. Maghwar people, one of the most peaceful people, believe in humanity.
• Maghwar mostly live in Sindh and Punjab regions of Pakistan and the Indian States of Rajasthan and Gujarat, and some other areas of India
• Maghwar is not the caste but nom de plume
• .Maghwars is Dravidian.
• They actually belong to Thar (Pakistan) and Marwar (Rajasthan -India).
• In Gujarat they called BANBHI which means cobbler even in Pakistan they do the work of shoes stitching.
• Before partition (1947) between Pakistan and India Maghwar used to eat the dead stuff but than some peoples got education which changed and removed their all negative approaches and attitudes from their lives.
• As it is true now that Maghwar is one of the most looking forward tribes of Pakistan especially in education sector.
• This ancient tribe of Sindh never ever follows to resistance but paying attention on livelihoods always.
• Many historians even we also consider them very indigenous peoples by their old profession like cobbling and off the skin of animal since long time.
• This time they well verse in singing especially religious singing like Bhujan therefore they called by RAKHIO, which means pray doer.
• It is also come in study that, they were followers of Buddha but when Hindu Dharma occupied sub-continent these people also converted to Hinduism. They are very peaceful community
• The Maghwar is one of the people groups traditionally considered as "untouchable" by the caste-conscious Hindus. When India was partitioned into two countries (India and Pakistan) in 1947, caste Hindus left in large numbers.
• The Maghwar live lower Sindh like Badin, Hyderabad, Tando Allahyar, Tando Muhammad khan and Nawabshah, but in majority they live in Thar district
• They speak usually Dhataki language
• The Maghwar live mostly in rural areas, where many are migrant farm workers
• Maghwar is more of a union between two families than between two individuals. Most marriages are arranged, with much consideration given to caste and social rank. In rural areas, young couples generally live with or near the husband's family.
Maghwar do not have marriages into their close blood but they fix their marriages in other their sub-castes 17. These peoples are very much deprived by Supper Hindus and so-called Muslims in Tharparkar. They are populated enough in Tharparkar but still remain in fear.
Researchers do believe that, they were subsisted in the time of Mohan Jo Daro.
• Their women usually put-on the Tharee dresses
2. GURGALA
• They are gypsies and most indigenous communities of the world.
• They still dwell with their old traditional fashion; they never ever reside in one area but changing all times their part of staying habitually.
• They hunt the wildlife for eating purposes
• They always keep prey animals but some of them started begging now
3. Rabari
This is also one of the ancient tribe of the Tharparkar. Professionally, they are cattle driver especially sheep driver. Their sheep are very much famous in all over the Sindh. Their dress also made from wool of sheep. After the custom of skin dress, they might be created custom of wool made dress from animal. Many historian shown their arriving at here from central Asia, but some one like Colonel James Tord wrote in his one famous book “TAREEKH-E-RAJISTHAN( HALAT-E-MARAWAR)” (1818) that, Rabari are actually BHATI who are decedent of seventh wife of prophet KIRSHANA.
Their concrete inhabitancy in Nagarparkar (Taluka of Tharparkar) and Badin (lower part of Sindh province) and majority of them dwell in the Rajasthan and Gujarat
Their color dress is usually black, which they essentially put-on in the mourn of DODO SOMAROO.
Their dress embroidered with different types of pearls and stones. They draw different sort of signs on the face, hands, arm
They worship to different deities like DEVI (JOG MAYA) and RAE SINGH. (Fair of RAE SINGH celebrate in Badin side every year)
Their language is almost Parkari in Tharparkar, the rest speak Sindhi language.
They put-on turban, and keep the black shoulder cloth habitually.
Members of the Rabari tribe are found living throughout Thar Gujarat and south west Rajasthan. The story of their origin has it that their men, instead of marrying women, married celestial appears the daughters of the gods. Because of this they were called "the goers out of the path" or Rabari. Traditionally they are camel herders, and were once a nomadic people. These days the Rabari can be said to be semi-nomadic. They live in small hamlets of round huts with mud walls and thatched roofs. The women manage the hamlets and are shrewd and intelligent. They sell wool and clarified butter to city merchants and manage all money matters. The women are strong, tall and well built. The Rabari men can often be seen roaming the countryside with their droves. They travel hundreds of miles on annual migration routes in search of new pastures to graze their animals.
The Rabari women are easily distinguished by their long, black headscarves, which fall loosely to the ground. They wear distinctive heavy brass earrings which hang low, stretching the earlobes. They tattoo magical symbols onto their necks, breasts and arms. Their jewelry is modest in comparison to other tribal women. They wear small gold nose ring and silver and gold chains around the neck on which protective amulets are hung. Few simple glass bracelets adorn their arms. Rabari girls can be married from as young as 15-months old. All Rabari marriages take place on the same day once a year and can be very extravagant event involving polygamist rites.
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