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A summary of my assignment on Islamic international law
Jus ad bellum in Islamic law
INTRODUCTION:
Allah almighty awarded every creature with a sense to defend himself, as a snake throws his poison to kill the enemy; if it wants to hunt the snack, the same ability and nature is granted to humans by Allah almighty, we call it Jihad, so that Muslims will protect themselves.
A question arises, why to go to war?
Jihad: why?
We Muslims believe that jihad is the factor by virtue of which Omar the second caliph expanded the caliphate of Muslims to almost the entire world and gained respect. We also believe that today Muslims face the humiliation and contempt; is because they ignored jihad in order to protect their religion and identity as Muslims.
Allah almighty said in a verse addressing the Muslims: “و اعدوا لهم ما استطعتم من قوة و من رباط الخيل ترهبون به عدو الله و عدوكم", and prepare yourselves as much as you can with power in order to put the enemy of Allah and yours in fear...” did Muslims accept the command of Allah almighty? Did they prepare themselves as to put the enemy in fear? No, that’s why two Muslims countries were just put in pocket by the USA and UK in two successive years.
Jihad being the command of Allah almighty required certain prerequisites and rules of commencing, ending and how to act during jihad. In other words, why to go to war? And how to go to war?
As a result you will see that both the question becomes sometimes related, so let’s start with the question: WHY TO GO TO WAR?
الإسلام مستمد من السلام ، فالله هو السلام ، والجنة هي دار السلام ، وتحية الإسلام السلام ، وتحية الله والملائكة لأهل الجنة هي السلام: { سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ بِمَا صَبَرْتُمْ فَنِعْمَ عُقْبَى الدَّارِ } [ الرعد: 24 ] والمسلمون مطالبون بتعميم السلام ، ومحاربة الإرهاب غير المشروع لقوله تعالى: { يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا ادْخُلُوا فِي السِّلْمِ كَافَّةً } [ البقرة: 208 ] ؛ وقوله سبحانه: { وَإِنْ جَنَحُوا لِلسَّلْمِ فَاجْنَحْ لَهَا وَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَى اللَّهِ } [ الأنفال: 61 ] وقوله عز وجل: { وَلَا تَقُولُوا لِمَنْ أَلْقَى إِلَيْكُمُ السَّلَامَ لَسْتَ مُؤْمِنًا } [ النساء: 94 ] .
والأصل " القاعدة العامة " في علاقات المسلمين بغيرهم هو السلم لا الحرب ، والباعث على القتال هو العدوان ، وإقرار الحرب مع النهي عن الاعتداء إنما هو للضرورة ودفع العدوان ومقاومة الغاصبين والمحتلين وطردهم من ديار المسلمين والمستضعفين والمظلومين ، لقوله تعالى: { وَقَاتِلُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ الَّذِينَ يُقَاتِلُونَكُمْ وَلَا تَعْتَدُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ الْمُعْتَدِينَ } [ البقرة: 190 ]
Islam is derived from Salam “peace”, so Allah is Salam, paradise is the house of peace, regards of Islam is Salam, regards of angels and Allah for the residents of paradise is Salam, Muslims are asked to advertise Salam and fight the illegal terrorism. The basis is the general principle that the relations of Muslims are based on peace and not war, and the cause of war is the aggression from non-Muslims, the affirmation of war despite the forbiddings of aggression is because of necessity and the prevention of aggression, and withstanding the aggressors and occupants from the Muslim states.., because Allah almighty said: { وَقَاتِلُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ الَّذِينَ يُقَاتِلُونَكُمْ وَلَا تَعْتَدُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ الْمُعْتَدِينَ }
Some of the Shafi’is and Hanbalis considered the cause of jihad, or why to go to war as Kufr. Primarily they base their opinion on the texts of the Qura’an and Sunnah that prescribe qital (war) as a punishment for the opponents of the holy prophet (May Allah’s blessings be upon him). On the other hand, majority of the jurists w[ere] of the opinion that the cause of jihad is muharabah (aggression). They also base their opinion on the texts of the holy Qur’an and Sunnah. They also say that if kufr were the cause of qital then non Muslims women, children, aged people as well as priests and monks would not have been given immunity from attacks during war.
In my opinion the position taken by the majority of the jurists is in accordance with the essence of Islam. Islam being an Arabic word; is derived from Salam which means peace. So an inference could be made even from the name of the religion we follow that the continuity of a war for 12 months in a year will damage the claim of being a religion of Salam (peace).
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Khalid
Khalid, Afghanistan, Kabul.
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