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The Liberalization of Relations between Government and Ukrainian Citizens via NGO Networks Printable Version PRINTABLE VERSION
by Olexi, Ukraine Jul 31, 2004
Human Rights   Opinions
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Ëîêàëüí³ îñåðåäêè ãðîìàäñüêî¿ àêòèâíîñò³ ÿê ïðîñò³ð ë³áåðàë³çàö³¿ ñòîñóíê³â ì³æ âëàäîþ òà ãðîìàäÿíàìè â Óêðà¿í³.


Àêòóàëüíîþ ïðîáëåìîþ äåìîêðàòèçàö³¿ Óêðà¿íè º õàðàêòåð ³íñòèòóö³îíàëüíèõ çì³í, ó çâ’ÿçêó ³ç ìîäåðí³çàö³ºþ ïîë³òè÷íî¿ ñèñòåìè Óêðà¿íè ó â³äïîâ³äíîñò³ ³ç íîâèìè ö³ííîñòÿìè, ïðèòàìàííèìè çàõ³äíèì äåìîêðàò³ÿì. Éäåòüñÿ ïðî òå, ÿêó ìîäåëü äåìîêðàò³¿ ³ ÿêèìè òåìïàìè äîö³ëüíî âïðîâàäæóâàòè íà äàí³é êîíêðåòí³é òåðèòîð³¿. Íåçì³ííî ãîñòðèì çàëèøàºòüñÿ ïèòàííÿ ïðî òå, ùî º íàéá³ëüø àäåêâàòíî äàíèì ñîö³àëüíî-ïîë³òè÷íèì óìîâàì ³ õàðàêòåðèçóºòüñÿ íàéìåíøèìè âèòðàòàìè: êîíñòðóþâàííÿ íîâèõ ³íñòèòóò³â åâîëþö³éíèì øëÿõîì àáî ¿õ ³ìïîðò ç êðà¿í ïðèêëàä³â. Ñüîãîäí³ ³íñòèòóö³éí³ ñèñòåìè á³ëüøîñò³ ïîñòðàäÿíñüêèõ êðà¿í ÿâëÿþòü ñîáîþ ìîçà¿êó ð³çíîãî ðîäó ³ìïîðòíèõ ìîäåëåé ïîë³òèêè. Çâè÷àéíî, ïîä³áíà ñèòóàö³ÿ º çðîçóì³ëîþ ç ïîãëÿäó íà òå, ùî â Óêðà¿í³ ùå äîñ³ íå âèðîáëåíî âëàñíèõ ï³äõîä³â, âàð³àíò³â ðîáîòè ³ç ñèòóàö³ºþ, êîëè â ïîë³òè÷íîìó ïðîöåñ³ çàä³ÿíà ê³ëüê³ñòü àêòîð³â á³ëüøå í³æ îäèí, à ñàìå öå º îäíèì ç êëþ÷îâèõ ìîìåíò³â ë³áåðàëüíèõ äåìîêðàò³é, äå ïîðÿä ³ç äåðæàâíèìè ³íòåðåñàì íàÿâí³ àêòèâíîñò³ ð³çíèõ ãðóï ³íòåðåñ³â.

Ïðîáëåìà ³íñòèòóö³éíîãî çàáåçïå÷åííÿ ôóíêö³îíóâàííÿ ãðîìàäÿíñüêîãî ñóñï³ëüñòâà â Óêðà¿í³ îêðåñëþþòüñÿ ó äåê³ëüêîõ òî÷êàõ: Åôåêòèâí³ñòü ðîáîòè çàõ³äíèõ ³íñòèòóò³â ó÷àñò³ ãðîìàäñüêîñò³ ó ðîçðîáö³ äåðæàâíî¿ ïîë³òèêè, ó ðàç³ ¿õ çàïîçè÷åííÿ, çàëåæèòü â³ä ì³ðè ¿õ àäàïòàö³¿ äî óêðà¿íñüêî¿ ñïåöèô³êè.  Óêðà¿í³ íàÿâíà âåëèêà ê³ëüê³ñòü àêòîð³â, ÿê³ çàö³êàâëåí³ ó ðîçðîáö³ äåðæàâíî¿ ïîë³òèêè íà ð³çíèõ ð³âíÿõ, îäíàê äîñ³ íå ìàþòü åôåêòèâíèõ ìåõàí³çì³â ó÷àñò³ ó í³é, çà âèíÿòêîì âèáîð³â. Âëàäà â Óêðà¿í³, ÿêà ëèøå ïî÷èíຠïðàöþâàòè ó ôîðìàò³ ïóáë³÷íî¿ ïîë³òèêè, äîñèòü ÷àñòî íå çíàõîäèòü ìîæëèâîñò³ äëÿ ñï³âïðàö³ ³ç ãðóïàìè ãðîìàäÿí, ó çâÿçêó ³ç íåòèïîâ³ñòþ, íåçâè÷í³ñòþ äëÿ óêðà¿íñüêèõ ãðîìàäÿí òðàäèö³¿ ïåðìàíåíòíîãî ä³àëîãó, çâîðîòíüîãî çâÿçêó ì³æ âëàäîþ òà íàñåëåííÿì
ß ñïðîáóþ çàïðîíîâóòè äîâîë³ çðîçóì³ëèé òà íà ìîþ äóìêó åôåêòèâíèé ñïîñ³á âèð³øåííÿ äàíèõ ïðîáëåìíèõ ñèòóàö³é, ñïèðàþ÷èñü íà ñâ³òîâèé äîñâ³ä ðîáîòè ó ö³é ãàëóç³.

Íàñàìïåðåä, õîò³ëîñÿ á çàóâàæèòè, ùî ñîö³àëüí³ ³íñòèòóòè º ðåçóëüòàòîì ñâ³äîìî¿ ö³ëåñïðÿìîâàíî¿ ä³ÿëüíîñò³ ³ âèðàæàþòü ³íòåðåñè ò³º¿ ñîö³àëüíî¿ ãðóïè, íà çàìîâëåííÿ ÿêî¿ âîíè ïðîåêòóâàëèñÿ. Åôåêòèâí³ñòü ¿õ ôóíêö³îíóâàííÿ ìîæå âèì³ðþâàòèñü ëèøå ÷åðåç êðèòå𳿠òèõ ö³ëåé, ÿê³ ó íèõ çàêëàäàëèñÿ. Áþðîêðàòè÷íèé ñïàäîê Óêðà¿íè, ÿêèé âîíà îòðèìàëà â³ä ÑÐÑÐ, ôóíêö³îíóº ÿê ñèñòåìà ³ºðàðõ³÷íî¿ âçàºìî䳿, äå êîæíèé íèæ÷èé ð³âåíü ìຠæîðñòêî ô³êñîâàí³ ïîâíîâàæåííÿ ³ ï³äêîðÿºòüñÿ âèùîìó. Öå âåðòèêàëüí³ çâÿçêè.  òîé ÷àñ ÿê, íàïðèêëàä, ó êðà¿íàõ ºâðîïåéñüêèõ äåìîêðàò³é äåðæàâíå óïðàâë³ííÿ - âðàõîâóþ÷è êàòåãîð³àëüíó â³äì³íí³ñòü ì³æ äåðæàâíèì àïïàðàòîì òà ñóñï³ëüñòâîì - âêëþ÷ຠòàêîæ, îêð³ì âëàñíå áþðîêðàòè÷íèõ âåðòèêàëüíèõ ñòðóêòóð, ùå é ãîðèçîíòàëüíèé ð³âåíü ó÷àñò³ ãðîìàäñüêîñò³. Ó÷àñòü ãðîìàäñüêîñò³ (ð³çí³ ãðóïè ³íòåðåñ³â) ðåàë³çóºòüñÿ ÷åðåç ïîñò³éíèé ìîí³òîðèíã òà ðåêîìåíäàö³¿, ÿê³ ö³ ãðóïè, îðãàí³çîâàí³ íà êøàëò ìåðåæ ÍÄÎ, íàäàþòü äåðæàâíèì îðãàíàì. Çà òàêîãî ñòàíó çíà÷íî åôåêòèâí³øå âèð³øóþòüñÿ êîíôë³êòè ì³æ îô³ö³éíèìè îðãàíàìè òà ãðîìàäñüê³ñòþ. Äåðæàâí³ ñòðóêòóðè ïî÷èíàþòü ïðàöþâàòè á³ëüø ïðîçîðî, à ãðîìàäÿíè (àðãóìåíò âëàäè) íàáóâàþòü çäàòíîñò³ âëàñíîðó÷ âèçíà÷àòè òà ó ïåâí³é ì³ð³ ðîçâ’ÿçóâàòè ïðîáëåìè, ç ÿêèìè âîíè ñòèêàþòüñÿ. Ñòàþ÷è á³ëüø àâòîíîìíîþ, ãðîìàäñüê³ñòü çìåíøóþº òÿãàð íà îô³ö³éí³ îðãàíè, à îô³ö³éí³ îðãàíè ïðàöþþòü åôåêòèâí³øå, âðàõîâóþ÷è ï³ä ÷àñ ðîçðîáêè âàð³àíò³â ïîë³òèêè ð³çí³ êóòè çîðó íà ïðîáëåìè, à ÷àñòî ³ íîâ³ ïðîáëåìè, ð³çí³ ³íòåðåñè, òîáòî ï³äòðèìóþ÷è ïîñò³éíèé çâîðîòí³é çâ’ÿçîê. Ïîâåðòàþ÷èñü äî ïðîáëåìè çàëó÷åííÿ ºâðîïåéñüêîãî äîñâ³äó ñï³âïðàö³ ãðîìàäñüêèõ îðãàí³çàö³é ³ç äåðæàâíîþ âëàäîþ, ÿ ââàæàþ, ùî íåîáõ³äíå ïàðàëåëüíå ñòèìóëþâàííÿ àêòèâíîñò³ ïîòåíö³éíèõ ó÷àñíèê³â ïóáë³÷íî¿ ïîë³òèêè: âëàäè òà ãðîìàäñüêîñò³. Ñë³ä íå ëèøå àäàïòóâàòè óêðà¿íñüê³ äåðæàâí³ âëàäí³ ñòðóêòóðè äî ºâðîïåéñüêèõ ñòàíäàðò³â ïóáë³÷íî¿ ïîë³òèêè, àëå é ïàðàëåëüíî ïðîâîäèòè êîíñòðóêòèâíó ðîáîòó ç³ ñòâîðåííÿ îñåðåäê³â ãðîìàäñüêî¿ àêòèâíîñò³ ñåðåä íàñåëåííÿ. Ïðîáëåìó ìîæëèâî áóäå âèð³øèòè ëèøå ÷åðåç ïîñòóïîâå “âèðîùóâàííÿ” ³íñòèòóò³â ãðîìàäÿíñüêîãî ñóñï³ëüñòâà, ÿê³ ñàì³ ïîâèíí³ äîâåñòè ãðîìàäñüêîñò³ ³ îô³ö³éí³é âëàä³, ñâîþ æèòòåçäàòí³ñòü òà êîðèñí³ñòü. Îäíàê í³ â ÿêîìó ðàç³ íå âäàñòüñÿ “ââåñòè” ç ãîðè ñòàíäàðòè ïóáë³÷íî¿ ïîë³òèêè. Ïî ïåðøå öå áóäå ñóïåðå÷èòè ñàì³é ³äå¿ ïóáë³÷íîñò³, ÿê àêòèâíîñò³ ãðîìàä, à ïî äðóãå, òîìó, ùî ñàìà ïóáë³÷íà ïîë³òèêà â Óêðà¿í³ çìîæå çàïðàöþâàòè ëèøå òîä³, êîëè ¿¿ ³í³ö³àòîðàìè áóäóòü îáèäâ³ ñòîðîíè, ÿê³ áóäóòü â÷èòèñÿ îäíà â îäíî¿.





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Olexi


Ukrainian student, journalist and a planetary citizen. I invite you to take a look at Central's Europe largest state- Ukraine through Olexi-tinted spectacles. Somewhat approaching unbiased subjectivity :)
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